中国难译词G

celiahe

G.

改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师 the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive

改进产业结构和产品结构 improve the industrial pattern and product mix

该公司股票已经上市 the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched)

赶上或超过国际先进水平 catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels

高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜 hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory

各族人民 people of all nationalities (all ethnic groups)

个体户 self-employed households /people

个人所得税 individual income tax

个体工商业者 individual industrialists and businessman

公务员 public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees

股份合作制 the joint stock cooperative system

股份制 the joint stock system

股票热降温了 the stock craze has abated

股市指数 the stock market (exchange) index

股市指数突破1300点大关 the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark

股指暴跌，跌幅7.8%，以14.3元探底 the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan

鼓励兼并，规范破产 encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures

规模经济，减轻就业压力 to ease the pressure of employment (the employment pressure)

国防科技 defence-related science and technology

国际大都市 cosmopolis

国家指定考试 government-mandated test

国家主席/总理/副总理/国务委员/部长/省长/厅、局长/县长/处长/科长/乡长/村民委员会主任 president/premier/vice premier/state councilor/minister/governor/bureau director/county magistrate, county head/department head/ section chief/ head of the township/ chairman of the village committee

国家公务员制度 the system of public services

国内生产总值/国民生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product)

国事访问 a state visit

恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡 the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently

获薄利 earn (make) narrow profits

获厚利 earn (make, reap) substantial profits

celiahe

E.

厄尔尼诺 El Nino

恶性肿瘤 malignant tumor

恶性循环 vicious circle

遏制通货膨胀 curb (check, curtail) the inflation

F.

轮法功 Falun Gong Cult

发行股票、债券 issue shares and bonds

发扬优良传统 carry forward the fine traditions

发优惠券以促销 issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales

发展文学艺术、新闻出版、广播影视 develop literature, the arts, the press, publications, radio, film and television; promote literature and art, the press and publishing, radio, film and television

发展新兴产业和高技术产业 develop rising and high-tech industries

发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业 develop animal husbandry (livestock farming), aquaculture and forestry

反对铺张浪费 oppose/combat extravagance and waste

反倾销 anti-dumping

防暴警察 riot police

防止经济过热 prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy)

防止国有资产流失 prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets

防止泡沫经济 avoid a bubble economy too many bubbles in economy)

分流下岗人员争取再就业 redirect laid-off workers for reemployment

扶贫、脱贫 poverty reduction and elimination

妇幼保健 maternity and child care

celiahe

J.

基础设施工程第一期 the first phase of the infrastructure project

积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)

缉毒队 narcotics squad

计划生育 family planning (birth control)

积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth

技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries

技术更新/改造 technological updating /renovation

计算机2000年问题 Y2Kproblem

(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

加强税收政策 tighten tax collection

加强物质文明和精神文明的建设 foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress

加强优生、优育 improve prenatal and postnatal care

加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程 accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements

艰苦创业的精神 the hardworking and enterprising spirit

减轻农民负担 lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)

建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership

减员增效 increase efficiency by downsizing staff

解决他们的温饱问题 provide them with adequate food and clothing

解困基金 anti-poverty funds

今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了12.5% the production increased 12.5% between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same time ) last year

金融机构 financial institutions

精兵之路 fewer but better troops

经济发展全球化的趋势 the globalization trend in economic development

经济法制化 to manage economic affairs according to law;

to put economic operation on a legal basis

经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone

经济市场化/私有化 the mercerization/privatization of the economy

经济特区 a special economic zone

经济体制改革 economic restructuring

经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom

经济转轨 switch to a market economy

精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels

精品 competitive products

竞争意识 competitive spirit

九届二次全国人民代表大会 the second session of the 9th National People's Congress

就业前和在职培训 pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training

纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades

军嫂 military spouse

celiahe

中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小，如：Ｘ国Ｘ省Ｘ市Ｘ区Ｘ路Ｘ号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大。如上例写成英文就是：Ｘ号，Ｘ路，Ｘ区，Ｘ市，Ｘ省，Ｘ国。掌握了这个原则，翻译起来就容易多了！

Ｘ室 Room Ｘ

Ｘ号 No. X

Ｘ单元 Unit Ｘ

Ｘ号楼 Building No. Ｘ

Ｘ街 Ｘ Street

Ｘ路 Ｘ Road

Ｘ区 Ｘ District

Ｘ县 Ｘ County

Ｘ镇 Ｘ Town

Ｘ市 Ｘ City

Ｘ省 Ｘ Province

请注意：翻译人名、路名、街道名等，最好用拼音。

中文地址翻译范例：

宝山区示范新村37号403室

Room 403, No. 37, SiFang Residential Quarter, BaoShan District

虹口区西康南路125弄34号201室

Room 201, No. 34, Lane 125, XiKang Road(South), HongKou District

473004河南省南阳市中州路42号 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 42

Zhongzhou Road, Nanyang City

Henan Prov. China 473004

434000湖北省荆州市红苑大酒店 李有财

Li Youcai

Hongyuan Hotel

Jingzhou city

Hubei Prov. China 434000

473000河南南阳市八一路272号特钢公司 李有财

Li Youcai

Special Steel Corp.

No. 272, Bayi Road, Nanyang City

Henan Prov. China 473000

528400广东中山市东区亨达花园7栋702 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 702, 7th Building

Hengda Garden, East District

Zhongshan, China 528400

361012福建省厦门市莲花五村龙昌里34号601室 李有财

Li Youcai

Room 601, No. 34 Long Chang Li

Xiamen, Fujian, China 361012

361004厦门公交总公司承诺办 李有财

Mr. Li Youcai

Cheng Nuo Ban, Gong Jiao Zong Gong Si

Xiamen, Fujian, China 361004

266042山东省青岛市开平路53号国棉四厂二宿舍1号楼2单元204户甲 李有财

Mr. Li Youcai

NO. 204, A, Building NO. 1

The 2nd Dormitory of the NO. 4 State-owned Textile Factory

53 Kaiping Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China 266042

名片英语之地址英译

1、地址综述 名片的主要功能是通联，所以在名片上写上详细的家庭或单位通讯地址是必不可少的。如下例：住址：浙江省台州市黄岩区天长路18号201室翻译成英文就是：Address: Room 201, 18 Tianchang Road, Huangyan District, Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province.对照上例，翻译时有几点需要注意：中文地址的排列顺序是由大到小： 国 柿市 区 路 号，而英文地址则刚好相反，是由小到大： 号 路（Road）， 区(District)， 市(City)， 省(Province)， 国。

地名专名部分（如”黄岩区”的”黄岩”部分）应使用汉语拼音，且需连写，如Huangyan不宜写成 Huang Yan。

各地址单元间要加逗号隔开。

以上给出了地点翻译的书写规则。接下去就地址内容进行详细分析。

完整的地址由：行政区划＋街区名＋楼房号三部分组成。

2、行政区划英译 行政区划是地址中最高一级单位，我国幅员辽阔，行政区划较复杂，总体上可分成五级(括号内所注为当前国内通用译名)：1)国家（State）：中华人民共和国（the People’s Republic of China； P.R.China； P.R.C； China）2)省级（Provincial Level）:省(Province)、自治区(Autonomous Region )、直辖市(Municipality directly under the Central Government,简称Municipality)；特别行政区（Special Administration Region； SAR）3)地级（Prefectural Level）:地区(Prefecture)、自治州(Autonomous Prefecture)、市（Municipality；City）；盟（Prefecture）；4)县级（County Level）：县（County）、自治县（Autonomous County）、市（City）、市辖区（District）,旗（County）5)乡级（Township Level）:乡（Township）、民族乡(Ethnic Township)、镇(Town)、街道办事处（Sub-district）。

* 应用举例：

(1)上海市崇明县中兴镇 Zhongxing Town, Chongming County, Shanghai (Municipality).

(2)内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔盟 Hulunbeir Prefecture，Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

(3)浙江省台州市玉环县龙溪乡 Longxi Township, Yuhuan County, Taizhou Municipality, Zhejiang Province.

(4)苏州市金阊区金门街道 Jinmen Sub-district, Jinchang District, Suzhou City.

*略写和缩写

1）中国人写地址喜欢将省或市等都一一注明，但按英语习惯，则可以省略；况且，省一级及较大的市大家都熟知，其后的行政区域通名完全可以略去而不致引起理解困难；如果需要进一步简化，则以此类推，可将一些县甚至镇的区域名也省掉。

如：中国浙江省杭州市余杭区 乡

Township, Yuhang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R.C.

2）在地址中间可直接插入邮编。

我国的通行写法是将邮政编码另起一行，前面标上”邮编（Postal Code； Zip； P.C.）”两字，但英美各国的惯例却是将邮编直接写在州或城市的后面，如：美国：1120 Lincoln Street, Denver, CO 80203，USA（中译：美国科罗拉多州丹佛市林肯街第1120号，邮编：80203）注：CO是美国Colorado州的缩写，在跟邮政编码合用时，州名一般均以缩写形式出现，有关美国各州缩写详见3.2.2.3小节。

英国：60 Queen Victoria Street， London EC4N 4TW（中译：伦敦维多利亚女王大街60号，邮编：EC4N 4TW）由此，笔者提议，我们的地名如果也参照英美各国的方法，将邮编插入到地址中间，可以节省大量空间。

如：中国浙江省台州市黄椒路102号，邮编：318020 102 Huangjiao Road, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020,China。

3、省市缩写 由于有了邮编，所以城市或省的专名也可采用缩写而不会造成混乱，除了香港（Hong Kong HK）、澳门（Macao MO）、台湾（Taiwan TW），我国大陆各省一直没有广泛认同的英文缩写。可喜的是，为扩展互联网域名资源，信息产业部于二○○二年十一月二十二日发布了《关于中国互联网络域名体系公告》，公告中首次开放行政区域类二级国内域名，给全国34个省（市、自治区、特别行政区）规定了二个字母的代码；笔者认为，随着互联网的深入发展，该代码将自然而然地成为各省区的缩写名称，可以放心使用；信息产业部采用的代码与英译名缩写基本上吻合，只有内蒙古（英译：Inner Mongolia,缩写：IM,而信息部的代码是利用了纯汉语拼音，为NM）、西藏（英译：Tibet,而二级域名使用的仍是汉语拼音XZ）两个词出现不协调现象，但这并不影响该缩写系统的推广。

* 应用举例:

中国河北省石家庄市桥东区胜利北大街2号,邮编: 050021 2 North Shengli Avenue, Qiaodong District, Shijiazhuang City, HE050021, P.R.C.比较：美国各州对应缩写，见下表。

4、村居街道的英译 居于地址体系的中间位置的是一些传统的村居街道及新兴的各种小区、新村、工业区等，其中”quot;村（委会）”、”居（委会）”既是区域名称，又是行政体系的基层组织名称。具体译法见表3-3：（略）

5、楼房室号的表达 地址的最低一级涉及到对具体场所的命名及房号的标注。如：5幢302室、3号楼2单元102室。

这里的”幢”、”栋”、”…号楼”实际上是同一回事，一般均以Building…来表示；”室”一般译作Room或Suite。

上述两例可分别译成：Suite 302, Building 5；Room 102, Unit 2, Building 3。

此外，在这一级地址中还经常出现诸如”单元”、”…大厦”、”…层”等术语.

应用举例：东一办公楼五层1－3室 Rm. 1-3, 5/F, Office Building E1。

注①：Suite :套房，即a connected series of rooms to be used together(Webster’s )。Room：A portion of space within a building or other structure, separated by walls or partitions from other parts。Suite往往由多个room组成，如a three room suite。目前我们普遍使用的几号室（房），往往都是套房，故我们在翻译房号时，不能为其后缀是”房”或”室”所左右，应尽量根据实际情况选择suite或room。

举一个英国地址为例：

Address:Suite 13, Unit 2, Hendy Industrial Estate, Pontardulais。

超级美元的衰败--肯尼斯 罗格夫

dznjwangrui

very good ,thank you a lot

celiahe

J.

基础设施工程第一期 the first phase of the infrastructure project

积压产品 overstocked commodities (inventories)

缉毒队 narcotics squad

计划生育 family planning (birth control)

积极培育新的经济增长点 actively cultivate new points of economic growth

技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业 technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries

技术更新/改造 technological updating /renovation

计算机2000年问题 Y2Kproblem

(y for year, k for kilo or thousand)

加强税收政策 tighten tax collection

加强物质文明和精神文明的建设 foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress

加强优生、优育 improve prenatal and postnatal care

加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程 accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements

艰苦创业的精神 the hardworking and enterprising spirit

减轻农民负担 lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)

建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership

减员增效 increase efficiency by downsizing staff

解决他们的温饱问题 provide them with adequate food and clothing

解困基金 anti-poverty funds

今年第一季度产量比去年同期增长了12.5% the production increased 12.5% between January and March compared the corresponding period (the same time ) last year

金融机构 financial institutions

精兵之路 fewer but better troops

经济发展全球化的趋势 the globalization trend in economic development

经济法制化 to manage economic affairs according to law;

to put economic operation on a legal basis

经济技术开发区 an economic and technological development zone

经济市场化/私有化 the mercerization/privatization of the economy

经济特区 a special economic zone

经济体制改革 economic restructuring

经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺 an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom

经济转轨 switch to a market economy

精简各级政府机构 streamline government departments at all levels

精品 competitive products

竞争意识 competitive spirit

九届二次全国人民代表大会 the second session of the 9th National People's Congress

就业前和在职培训 pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training

纠正行业不正之风 rectify malpractice in various trades

军嫂 military spouse

celiahe

K.

科技是第一生产力 Science and technology constitute the primary productive force.

科教兴国战略 the strategy of revitalizing (invigorating) China through science and education

克隆 clone

扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入 the annual per-captia income in real terms (allowing for inflation )

跨国公司 transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational)

扩大/缩小地区发展差距 widen/narrow the gap/disparity between regions/localities in terms of development

L.

劳务输出 export of labor services

劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair

联防 community/team policing

连续五年丰收 bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in row ;for five years running ;for five years on end ; for the fifth consecutive year)

练摊 to be a vendor (do business)

乱收费、乱集资、乱摊派的现象依然很严重 Arbitrary collection of charges, abuse of fund-raising and unchecked apportionment (arbitrary quotas) are still rampant.

M.

盲流和倒流人员 jobless migrants from rural areas to cities,

influx from the countryside

美圆对日圆全面升值 the system of pegging the currency to the US dollar

名牌产品 famous-brand products ,brand named product

民族问题 the ethnic minority issue

母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处 the parent company /subsidiary/branch/branch/representative office

N.

耐用消费品 consumer durables

内耗 in-fighting

农副业产品 agricultural (farm) and sideline products

农村/城市信用合作社 rural/urban credit cooperatives

牛市/熊市 a bull/bear market

celiahe

O.

欧元 Euro

P.

派出所 local police station

跑龙套 utility man, play a bit role, general handyman

泡沫经济 bubble economy

配股 allotment of shares

配套政策 supporting policies

培养跨世纪人才 bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists

棚户 shacks; family that live in shacks

碰钉子 get snubbed

碰头会 brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)

疲软股票 soft stock

皮包公司 bogus company

啤酒肚 beer belly

票贩子 scalper, ticket tout

票房 box office

骗汇、逃汇、套汇 obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage

拼图 jigsaw

贫富悬殊 polarization of rich and poor

贫铀弹 depleted uranium bomb

平均主义 equalitarianism

平面设计师 graphic designer

评头论足 nit-pick

瓶颈制约 “bottleneck”restrictions

扑网(体） rush-up, rushing

普选制 general election system

Q.

妻管严丈夫 hen-pecked husband

取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot"; abolish egalitarianism

取消福利分房 abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing

全球变暖 global warming

全面投产开工 go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational

拳头产品 knockout product or competitive product

缺少流动资金 a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)

裙带经济 crony economy

celiahe

R.

人才 competent people; trained personnel; experts; specialists

人才市场 the personnel market

人均国民生产总值达到中等发达国家水平 The average per-capita GNP will reach the standard of moderately developed countries.

人民币对美圆汇率稳定 the stability of RMB exchange rate against USD

人民币贬值的压力 the devaluation pressure on RMB

人均住房 per-capita housing

日经指数跌至今年最低点 the Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.

融资 financing; fund-raising

S.

三角恋爱 love triangle

三角债 chain debts

三陪服务 escort service

傻瓜相机 Instamatic INSTA(NT)+(AUTO)MATIC

商品房空置的现象 the vacancy problem in commercial housing

商品粮基地 a commodity grain production base

商业银行 commercial banks

上海证券交易所 the Shanghai Securities Exchange

社会生活 social activities

社会治安情况 law-and-order situation

生活物价指数 the cost of living index/the price index

谁控股？ Who holds the controlling shares?

实行董事会领导下的总经理负责制 practice the system of director-general responsibility under the leadership of board of the bored of directors.

使经济进一步市场化 make the economy more market-oriented

使大中型企业摆脱困境 extricate (free) the large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises from predicament

实体经济 the real economy

售后服务 after sale service

死胡同 blind alley

私人企业 private enterprises (foreign-funded, foreign financed foreign-owned) enterprises

celiahe

T.

提高军队在高科技条件下的作战能力 improve the army combat capabilities under high-tech conditions

提高综合国力 improve the overall national strength (the overall strength of the country)

投诉 lodge a complaint, register a beef

投诉热线 dial-a-cheat confidential hotline

投资热点 a region attractive to investors, a much-sought piece of land,

popular investment spot

推进国民经济信息化 try to informationize the national economy

推进政府机构改革 restructure government institutions

脱贫致富 cast (shake, throw) off poverty and set out on a road to prosperity

W.

外交豁免权 diplomatic immunity

外商独资企业 wholly (solely ) foreign-owned enterprises

外向型经济/城市 an export-oriented economy/a foreign-oriented city, an international city

外资 overseas investment

外资企业 foreign invested (foreign founded ,foreign financed ,foreign-owned) enterprises .

X.

下海 go into business

小康水平 the living standards of a fairly comfortable life; a relatively comfortable standard of living

消除两极分化，最终达到共同富裕 eliminate polarization and ultimately achieve common prosperity