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标题: 如何验厂 [打印本页]
作者: zxljm    时间: 2007-10-4 19:03
标题: 如何验厂
看到很多高手都有验厂的经验，能不能教教我？
作者: jim.xiang    时间: 2007-10-5 12:16
Hello
I can give you some advise that how to conduct the factory audit

would you please tell me you are working with a factory or working for a froeign trade company

I have much document datas and prtacial experiences about the factory audit for Quality System, GMP practices, Code of Conduct etc, shuch as Disney COC, Wal-mart COC, General Quality audit.
I will sahre it with you.

Jim.

refer to below information maybe can give you some help.

Social Compliance Audit 知识讲座
相信很多在工厂/公司内部做审核的论坛会员对整个 social compliance audit 体系并不非常的熟悉,或完全明白一些定义, 这里向大家完整地,系统的介绍整个social compliance audit,希望能帮助你们提高.   
Chapter 1
Introduction:  AUDITS
In general terms, an audit (whether covering social accountability, environmental or quality issues), can be defined as
A systematic, documented verification process designed to objectively obtain and evaluate evidence, to determine whether an organisation conforms to self-selected performance [and management system] criteria; the results of this process are communicated to the management.

The aim of the audit is to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of an organisation’s H&S arrangements by collection and use of objective evidence and to identify and record the instances of non-compliance with the arrangements and indicate, where possible the reasons.
It is important to realise that the audit is an information gathering exercise, which will enable a need for improvement or corrective actions to be identified.  The information sought is the objective evidence of compliance, and not the maximum number of non-conformances.  It is not a witch-hunt and it is not carried out to lay the blame.  The auditors should be mindful of this and in all their activities should endeavour to create this positive image of the audit, otherwise the climate for effective communications may not be established.
It is crucially important that the information gathered is accurate and factual, as important management decisions will be taken based on audit reports. The financial effects of decisions based on wrong information, gathered during improperly carried out audits, may have a devastating effect upon the organisation. It is therefore, absolutely essential that the audits will be carried out by adequately trained personnel only or hired professionals. Gathering information and objective evidence requires skills that may only be developed through training and experience.(
AUDIT OBJECTIVES
Delegates have probably heard a number of denominators added to the word ‘audit’.  All this terminology may sound a little confusing and requires some clarification.
It is important to understand that there is always a number of stakeholders, who may have a vested interest in the organisation’s social performance.  This includes consumers & customers, shareholders, management, clients, regulatory bodies, etc.  All of them may use the audit as a tool for obtaining information on the organisation’s management system.
Audits are normally undertaken for one or more of the following purposes:
• To determine the conformity or nonconformity of the organisation against the specified requirements.
• To determine the effectiveness of the system in meeting improvement objectives (if required).
• To identify the potential for improvement of the system.
• To meet the regulatory requirements.
• For the purpose of certification (registration) of the system.
Audits may be undertaken for one or more of the following reasons:
• For initial evaluation of a new potential supplier.
• As part of a regular review of the suppliers under the contractual agreement to ascertain that their social performance continues to meet the requirements.
• To verify that an organisation’s own social performance continues to comply with the specified social or labour policies.
• To evaluate an organisation’s own social performance against the requirements of a social standard or code of practice.
Audits may form part of a regular periodical audit programme or may be initiated as an extraordinary action due to: significant changes in the organisation’s activities or labour force, increased volume of work to be awarded to the supplier, concerns as to the soundness of the supplier’s social performance etc.
AUDIT CLASSIFICATION
The criteria for classifying audits are based upon who is auditing whom, for whose ends and for what purpose.
First Party Audits
This is an audit by an organisation on itself.  It is conducted for the benefit of the management of that organisation who will use the information gathered during the audit. The auditor is usually employed directly by a company (possibly through a specialist subsidiary), and may be termed a 'sourcing compliance officer'. First party audits may be carried out to monitor internal compliance against the company code of conduct or compliance with SA 8000

Second Party Audit
This is an audit conducted by an organisation on another organisation for the ends and purposes of the organisation that undertook the audit.  This class includes audits undertaken by customers on their current or potential suppliers, etc.  When the actual or potential suppliers are being audited the intention is to obtain sufficient information about the supplier’s performance to assure the customer’s own organisation that the specific requirements of the Code of Conduct or SA 8000 are being met and will continue to be met. This class of audit also covers Corporate audits. Second party auditors may be employees of the company conducting the audit or they may be an employee of an external body engaged to assess a company’s compliance with its adopted;
Third Party Audits
These are the audits undertaken by an independent third party (such as a certification body, accounting firm, non-profit organisation, or NGO), that has no vested interest in the results of the audits.  
Third party auditors may be accredited by a multi-stakeholder agency (eg. FLA) to conduct an independent audit at a member company (possible for certification), to standards set in the agency’s Code; engaged as a registered SA8000 auditor to conduct an audit for company certification to SA8000.
AUDIT TYPES
Audits often involve two discrete processes; document review and conformance (or implementation) audit. This is described in more detail below:
Documentation Review
The documentation audit determines the extent to which the documented system adequately meets the requirements of the applicable standard or code.  This type of audit is also known as:
• Desktop Audit
• Documentation Audit
A documentation review is normally carried out by comparing the documents and procedures which specify how the requirements of the Standard or code will be met, with the requirements specified in the standard or code itself. Well-designed checklists are extremely useful in conducting a document review.  Document review’s can be undertaken on or off the client’s premises.
It is important to recognise, however, that most social standards and codes specify few requirements for documents, none make explicit requirements for a management system manual and few specify the use of documented procedures to achieve standard or code requirements.
作者: jim.xiang    时间: 2007-10-5 12:23
标题: 回复 #2 jim.xiang 的帖子
Conformance or Implementation Audit

The conformance audit seeks to establish the extent to which the social policy is understood, implemented and observed by the management i.e. the auditor looks for implementation of the planned arrangements.

In addition, audits can be undertaken in several different ways and do not necessarily need to cover the whole system. This is described below:

Project / Process Audit

This audit is a vertical audit that looks at all the way that the social policy is implemented in a specific part of the organisation.

Horizontal Audit

As opposed to vertical, the horizontal audit looks at compliance with a selected requirement of the social policy, e.g. requirements on child labour or health and safety, across the whole organisation.

External Audit

The external audit is either a second or third party audit, conducted by others for their benefit.

Internal Audit

Internal audits are where an organisation examines its own systems, procedures and activities to determine whether they are adequate and are being complied with. Such audits provide the management with the information on the effectiveness and efficiency of their systems, whether or not their policies are being met, and whether any changes and improvements may be needed. It is essential that the social policies of the organisation continue to be met in the light of changing circumstances. Correctly executed internal audits will ensure that this happens.


Certification Audit

This is a detailed third party audit (conducted by a competent and accredited organisation) of an organisation to confirm that it complies with all the elements of the code or standard including the requirements for regulatory compliance and continuous improvement.

Surveillance Audit

This is a periodical third party audit conducted to determine if the certification of the organisation can be maintained.  A surveillance audit usually covers only selected parts of the system.

Re-certification Audit

This is a third party audit performed towards the end of the certification period to determine if the certificate can be reissued for the further period.  Most of the certification bodies (registrars) when planning the re-certification audit would consider the information gathered through surveillance audits and therefore re-certification audits would normally cover an appropriate selection of system elements.



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作者: whjn1688    时间: 2007-10-5 12:41
我靠，楼上的你真牛，懂英文就是不一样哈！都快成长篇小说了。
作者: skychen    时间: 2007-12-2 15:12
strong people



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