ABS 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物
典型應用範圍:
汽車（儀錶板，工具艙門，車輪蓋，反光鏡盒等），電冰箱，大強度工具（頭髮烘乾機，攪拌器，食品加工機，割草機等），電話機殼體，打字機鍵盤，娛樂用車輛如高爾夫球手推車以及噴氣式雪撬車等。
注塑模工藝條件:
乾燥處理：ABS材料具有吸濕性，要求在加工之前進行乾燥處理。建議乾燥條件爲80~90C下最少乾燥2小時。材料溫度應保證小於0.1%。
熔化溫度：210~280C；建議溫度：245C。
模具溫度：25~70C。（模具溫度將影響塑件光潔度，溫度較低則導致光潔度較低）。
注射壓力：500~1000bar。
注射速度：中高速度。
化學和物理特性:
ABS是由丙烯腈、丁二烯和苯乙烯三種化學單體合成。每種單體都具有不同特性：丙烯腈有高強度、熱穩定性及化學穩定性；丁二烯具有堅韌性、抗衝擊特性；苯乙烯具有易加工、高光潔度及高強度。從形態上看，ABS是非結晶性材料。三中單體的聚合産生了具有兩相的三元共聚物，一個是苯乙烯-丙烯腈的連續相，另一個是聚丁二烯橡膠分散相。
ABS的特性主要取決於三種單體的比率以及兩相中的分子結構。這就可以在産品設計上具有很大的靈活性，並且由此産生了市場上百種不同品質的ABS材料。這些不同品質的材料提供了不同的特性，例如從中等到高等的抗衝擊性，從低到高的光潔度和高溫扭曲特性等。
ABS材料具有超強的易加工性，外觀特性，低蠕變性和優異的尺寸穩定性以及很高的抗衝擊強度。
ABS
Generic Class:ABS ( Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene)
Typical Applications
Automotive (instrument and interior trim panels, glove compartment doors, wheel covers, mirror housings, etc.), refrigerators, small appliance housings and power tools applications (hair dryers, blenders, food processors, lawnmowers, etc.), telephone housings, typewriter housings, typewriter keys, and recreational vehicles such as golf carts and jet skis.
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying ABS resins are hygroscopic and drying is required prior to processing. Suggested drying conditions are 80 - 90 C (176 - 195 F) for a minimum of 2 hours. Resin moisture content should be less than 0.1%
Melt Temperature 200 - 280 C (392 - 536 F); Aim: 230 C (446 F)
Mold Temperature 25 - 80 C (77 - 176 F). (Mold temperatures control the gloss properties; lower mold temperatures produce lower gloss levels)
Resin Injection Pressure 500 - 1,000 bar (7,250 - 14,500 psi)
Injection Speed Moderate - high
Chemical and Physical Properties
ABS is produced by a combination of three monomers: acrylonitrile, butadiene, and styrene. Each of the monomers impart different properties: hardness, chemical and heat resistance from acrylonitrile; processibility, gloss, and strength from styrene; and toughness and impact resistance from butadiene. Morphologically, ABS is an amorphous resin.
The polymerization of the three monomers produces a terpolymer which has two phases: a continuous phase of styrene-acrylonitrile (SAN) and a dispersed phase of polybutadiene rubber. The properties of ABS are affected by the ratios of the monomers and molecular structure of the two phases. This allows a good deal of flexibility in product design and consequently, there are hundreds of grades available in the market. Commercially available grades offer different characteristics such as medium to high impact, low to high surface gloss, and high heat distortion.
ABS offers superior processibility, appearance, low creep and excellent dimensional stability, and high impact strength.
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Magnum grades), GE Plastics (Cycolac), Bayer (Lustran), BASF (Terluran), Chi Mei (Polylac), LG Chemical (Lupos), Cheil Synthesis.
PBT
Generic Class : PBT ( Polybutylene Terephthalates )
Typical Applications
Household appliances (food processor blades, vacuum cleaner parts, fans, hair dryer housings, coffee makers, etc.), electronics (switches, motor housings, fuse cases, key caps for computer keyboards, connectors, fiber optic buffer tubing, etc.), automotive (grilles, body panels, wheel covers, and components for doors and windows, etc.)
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying This material is sensitive to hydrolysis at high temperatures. It is therefore important to dry the material prior to molding. Suggested drying conditions (in air) are 120 C (248 F) for 6 - 8 hours (or 150 C (300 F) for 2 - 4 hours). Moisture levels must be below 0.03%. When using a desiccant dryer, drying at 120 C (248 F) for 2.5 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature 220 - 280 C (428 - 536 F); aim: 250 C (482 F)
Mold Temperature 40 - 60 C (104 - 140 F) for unreinforced grades. For other grades, a wide range of temperatures can be used, depending on the grade (15 - 80 C / 59 - 176 F). Cooling channels should be properly designed to minimize part warpage. The heat removal must be fast and uniform. Cooling channels of 12 mm diameter are recommended.
Resin Injection Pressure Moderate (up to maximum of 1500 bar / 21750 psi).
Injection Speed Fastest possible speeds should be used (due to fast solidification of PBTs)
Runners and Gates
Full round runners are recommended to impart maximum pressure transmission (rule of thumb: runner diameter = part thickness + 1.5 mm). A wide variety of gates may be used. Hot runners may also be used, taking care to avoid drool and material degradation. Gate diameters or depths should preferably be between 0.8 - 1.0 times the part thickness. When using submarine gates, the minimum recommended diameter is 0.75 mm.
Chemical and Physical Properties
PBT is one of the toughest engineering thermoplastics. It is a semicrystalline resin and has excellent chemical resistance, mechanical strength, electrical properties (high dielectric strength and insulation resistance), and heat resistance, all of which are stable over a broad range of environmental conditions. It has very low moisture absorption.
PBT, which is a polyester, is produced by the polycondensation reaction of dimethyl terephthalate an butanediol.
Tensile strength ranges from 50 MPa (7,250 psi) for unfilled grades to 170 MPa (24,650 psi) for glass reinforced grades. High levels of glass fillers make the material more brittle. Crystallization is rapid and this could cause warpage due to non-uniform cooling. In the case of glass filled grades, shrinkage is reduced in the flow direction, but in the cross-flow direction it may be equal to that of the base resin. Shrinkage is of the order of 0.015 - 0.028 mm/mm (1.5 -2.8%). A 30% glass-filled resin has a shrinkage range of 0.3 - 1.6%. The melting point (approximately 225 C / 437 F) and heat distortion temperatures are lower than that of PET. The Vicat softening point is approximately 170 C (338 F). The glass transition temperature ranges from 22 - 43 C (71 - 109 F).
The melt viscosity is fairly low and due to fast crystallization rates, cycle times are typically low.
Major Manufacturers
BASF (Ultradur), Ticona (Celanex), GE Plastics (Lomod, Valox), Bayer (Pocan), Huls (Vestoduv), Mitsubishi Engineering Plastics (Novadur), Teijin Chemicals.
PC
Generic Class: PC (Polycarbonate)
Typical Applications
Electronic and business equipment (computer parts, connectors, etc.), appliances (food processors, refrigerator drawers, etc.), transportation (head lights, tail lights, instrument panels, etc.).
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying PC resins are hygroscopic and pre-drying is important. Recommended drying conditions are 100 - 120 C (212 - 248 F) for 3 to 4 hours. Moisture content must be less than 0.02% prior to processing.
Melt Temperature 260 - 340 C (500 - 644 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Mold Temperature 70 - 120 C (158 - 248 F); higher range for low MFR resins and vice-versa
Fill Pressure As high as possible for rapid molding
Injection Speed Slow injection speeds when small or edge gates are used; high speeds for other types of gates
Chemical and Physical Properties
Polycarbonate is a polyester of carbonic acid. All general-purpose polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A. The bisphenol A component of the molecule contributes to the high glass transition temperature (150 C / 302 F). The rotational mobility of the carbonyl group within the molecule contributes to the high ductility and toughness of the resin.
PC is an amorphous engineering resin with exceptionally good impact strength, heat resistance, clarity, sterilizability, flame retardancy, and stain resistance. The notched Izod impact strength of PC is very high and mold shrinkage is low and consistent (.1 -.2 mm/mm).
High molecular weight PCs (which translate to low melt flow rate) have higher mechanical properties, but processibility of such resins becomes difficult. The type of PC chosen for a particular application should be based on the desired criteria (for high impact properties, use a low-MFR PC; conversely, for optimal processibility, use a high-MFR PC).
The melt viscosities are typically Newtonian up to shear rates of 1000 1/s and decrease beyond that. The Heat Deflection Temperature Under Load is typically between 130 -140 C (266 - 284 F) and the Vicat Softening Point is typically around 155 C (311 F).
Major Manufacturers
Dow Chemical (Caliber), GE Plastics (Lexan), Bayer (Apec, Macrolon), DSM (Xantar), LNP (Lurbricomp, Thermocomp), Mitsubushi Engineering Plastics (Novarex), Teijin Chemical (Panlite).
PMMA 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
典型應用範圍:
汽車工業（信號燈設備、儀錶盤等），醫藥行業（儲血容器等），工業應用（影碟、燈光散射器)，日用消費品（飲料杯、文具等）。
注塑模工藝條件:
乾燥處理：PMMA具有吸濕性因此加工前的乾燥處理是必須的。建議乾燥條件爲90C、2~4小時。
熔化溫度：240~270C。
模具溫度：35~70C。
注射速度：中等
化學和物理特性:
PMMA具有優良的光學特性及耐氣侯變化特性。白光的穿透性高達92%。PMMA製品具有很低的雙折射，特別適合製作影碟等。
PMMA具有室溫蠕變特性。隨著負荷加大、時間增長，可導致應力開裂現象。PMMA具有較好的抗衝擊特性。
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PMMA
Generic Class MMA (Polymethyl methacrylate)
Typical Applications
Automotive (signal light devices, instrument panels, etc.), medical (blood cuvettes, etc.), industrial (video discs, lighting diffusers, display shelving, etc.), consumer (drinking tumblers, stationery accessories, etc.)
Injection Molding Processing Conditions
Drying PMMA is hygroscopic and must be dried prior to molding. Drying at 90 C (194 F) for 2-4 hours is recommended.
Melt Temperature 240 - 280 C (460 - 536 F)
Mold Temperature 35 - 80 C (90 - 176 F)
Injection Speed Moderate
Chemical and Physical Properties
Pellets for injection molding are made either by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate followed by extrusion and pelletization or by polymerization in an extruder. Formulations vary by molecular weight and physical properties such as flow rate, heat resistance, and toughness. Higher molecular weight grades are tougher than lower molecular weight grades. High flow formulations are generally preferred for molding.
Heat deflection temperature under load varies from 75 C (167 F) for high flow materials to 100 C (212 F) for low flow (high molecular weight) materials.
PMMA has excellent optical properties and weatherability. The white light transmittance is as high as 92%. Molded parts can have very low birefringence which makes it ideally suited as a material for video discs.
PMMA exhibits room temperature creep. The initial tensile strength is high but under long term, high stress loading, it exhibits stress craze. Impact strength is good but it does show some notch sensitivity.
Major Manufacturers
Cyro Industries, Atohaas (Plexiglas), BASF, Mitsubishi Rayon.
MMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) 
