法国雕塑家罗丹说过:"生活中并不缺少美,而是缺少发现美的眼睛。"英语的语言也是如此。英语的美表现在诸多方面,这里我们主要谈谈英语习语构成的对称美。一、成语的对称美:表现为成语排列形式上的对称美,可分为相同词的对称、同词性的对称、反义词的对称、同类词的对称等几种情况。 |
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1、相同词的对称。以介词、连词或动词为"对称轴"对称,从视觉上就能给人以美的享受,令人愉悦;读起来琅琅上口,颇具韵味;意义简洁明了,形象生动。其中有关体态语言的一些对称成语,确实能让人领会到对称美在英语中的体现。例如: |
day by day 逐日 |
day after day 每日 |
one by one 逐个 |
bit by bit 一点点地 |
little by little 渐渐地 |
step by step 逐步地 |
by and by 逐渐 |
side by side 并排 |
face (nose) to face (nose) 面对面 |
back to back 背靠背 |
hand in hand 手拉手 |
arm in arm 挽手 |
mouth to mouth嘴对嘴 |
heart to heart 交心,谈心 |
neck and neck 并驾齐驱 |
eye to eye 赞同 |
head to head 交头接耳 |
shoulder to shoulder 并肩 |
on and on 继续 |
word for word 逐词地 |
out and out 十足的 |
inch by inch 一点一点地 |
like for like 以牙还牙 |
like attracts like 物以类聚 |
wheels within wheels 复杂的结构 |
diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手 |
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2. 同词性的对称。以连词and 为"对称轴"的非完全对称,以形容词性词组居多。通过两个或多个形容词的重叠来强化形容词的特征。例如: |
one and only 独一无二 |
down and out 穷困潦倒 |
free and easy 随和 |
hard and fast 不能改变的 |
open and above board 光明磊落 |
simple and easy 简易明了 |
hot and bothered激动,担忧 |
cheer and bright 清楚明了 |
bright and early 一大早 |
pure and simple 十足 |
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3. 反义词的对称。一对反义词以连词and或or为"对称轴",可以是名词的对称,也可以是副词或动词的对称。如有个活动不论刮风下雨都要照常进行,在汉语中叫"风雨无阻",在英语中为rain or shine ,二者可谓有异曲同工之妙。例如: |
up and down 往返 |
to and fro 来来回回 |
back and forth 前前后后 |
far and forth 到处,远处 |
far and near 注意事项 |
dos and don'ts 执政党与在野党 |
ins and outs 盛衰,浮沉 |
ups and downs 断断续续 |
on and off 或多或少 |
more or less 迟早 |
sooner or less 高低贵贱 |
young and old 老老少少 |
day and night 日日夜夜 |
the haves and have-nots穷富 |
early and late 早晚 |
rain or shine 不管境遇如何,风雨无阻 |
right or wrong 不管对错 |
hit or miss 不论成功与否 |
三、谚语和俗语的对称美:对仗工整,词句,押韵,语言精炼,表意透切的谚语或俗语更具有说服力和感染力,可使人念念不忘,受用终生。例如: |
No pains no gains 不劳不获 |
No cross , no crown 无苦即无乐 |
Once bit ,twice shy 一次被咬,下次胆小 |
First come , first served 先到的先招待 |
Young saints , old devils 小时圣洁老邪恶 |
Man proposes , God disposes 谋事在人,成事在天 |
From saving comes having 富有来自节俭。 |
So far , so good 目前为止,一切很好 |
Like father , like son 有其父,必有其子 |
Well fed , well bred 吃得饱,懂礼貌 |
Grasp all , lose all 贪多必失。 |
Spare the rod , and spoil the child 不教不成材。 |
More haste ,less speed 欲速则不达。 |
In for a penny , in for a pound 一不做,二不休 |
Waste not , want not 俭以防匮。 |
A friend in need is a friend indeed .患难见真情。 |
Harm set , harm get .害人反害已 |
A lazy youth , a lousy age .少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲 |
Least said , soonest mended .少说为妙 |
Light come , light go .易得则易失。 |
A good neighbor ,a good morrow 好邻生好景 |
Many men ,many minds .十个人,十条心。熟得早,坏(烂)得快。 |
No mill , no meal 不磨面,没饭吃 |
Nothing venture ,nothing have .不入虎穴,焉得虎子 |
Two's company , three's none . 两人成伴,三人不欢 |
Out of sight , out of mind .眼不见,心不烦 |
Speech is silver , silence is gold .言语是银,沉默是金 |